Land tenure security is important to encourage investment in land improvements as well as the development of efficient land markets. Land tenure security and agricultural productivity mercatus center. From the land comes sustenance, status and often political power. The parish also managed land distribution and resolved disputes, because appealing to a judge was a last resort due to cost and risk. Dunning land, for most ethiopians, is central to life. The first international land governance standards and. Analysis shows high rates of spatial urban expansion, but stagnating levels of property registration and certification among periurban landholders, affecting their feelings of land tenure security. Even if there are national debates on the existence of different ownership and tenure regimes for. Please click here to watch this video on youtube jan, 2020. To link to the entire object, paste this link in email, im or document to embed the entire object, paste this html in website to link to this page, paste this link in email, im or document to embed this page, paste this html in website. The following assertion forced me to write this commentary. After the fall of the socialist derg regime in 1991, land property rights have remained vested in the state and only usufruct rights have been alienated to farmers to the disappointment of international donor agencies.
In wollo province, for example, there were an estimated 111 types of land tenure. Addis abeba, november 122019 the united states agency for international development usaid has today launched its new land governance activity that will strengthen policy, management, and administration to improve land tenure and rights for farmers and pastoralists in ethiopia. In central uganda the system of mailo land, which originated from an agreement between the buganda king and the british government in 1900, is predominant. Ethiopia strengthening land tenure and administration. Land tenure, investment, land markets, offfarm employment. The ethiopia strengthening land tenure and administration program contributed to. The international community now fully recognizes the need to secure womens land rights. Insecure land tenure and property rights and the inequitable access to land and natural assets are two of the leading triggers of violent conflict, population displacement, the overexploitation. The post is located in the offices of the land policy initiative in addis ababa, ethiopia. Hosaena ghebru ifpri presenting findings from a recent set of studies in ethiopia, malawi, mozambique, and nigeria that examined land access and perceived tenure security. Review of landholding systems and policies in ethiopia.
The ethiopia land administration to nurture development land project works at the national and regional levels of government to further improve the legal and regulatory framework related to land tenure and property rights and thereby support the government of ethiopia s and usaids goal of increasing economic growth, particularly agricultural sector growth, improving rural resiliency. While the current ethiopian government has implemented a land policy that is based on st. Current land tenure systems do not differ greatly from the land tenure system. Land titles are often used as a proxy for womens land tenure security. Using data collected through stakeholders interviews, it uncovers their tenure security challenges, and outlines a set of measures for enhancing tenure security through landuse planning. Ethiopias urban expansion and development strategy has been based on the acquisition of land by government from adjacent periurban areas. The first, and most influential, set of land tenure institutions and. In rural settings, land tenure is also often insecure for the poor, as well as for women, who face problems such as unlawful evictions by family members after the death of a husband or father. Background land tenure policy in ethiopia has undergone a. This video, mobile solutions matter for land, presents two such innovations.
Land is the primary resource of any community and without some security of tenure it is impossible to have economic or social development. By solomon bekure, abebe mulatu, gizachew abebe and michael roth1 1. Spatial urban expansion and land tenure security in. History of tenure system in ethiopia introduction taken from land law teaching material prepared by daniel wgebriel and melkamu belachew under the sponsership of justice and legal research institute understanding the ethiopian land tenure system is important to student of land law for it gives students general historical and factual ideas. International journal of urban and regional research, 38 6. The analysis highlights tensions between these three sets of land tenure institutionsstate ownership, ethnic federalism and neocustomary. Land tenure in the changing periurban areas of ethiopia. Reporting lines the land tenure officer reports administratively to the coordinator of the subregional office for eastern africa sfe, the fao.
Problems of food insecurity and high prevalence of poverty still remain which will not be resolved unless issues of access to land, security of tenure, and the capacity to use land. Land tenure security and agricultural productivity. Unlike most widows in africa, she has been able to retain control over her small farm. In ethiopia, with support from the world bank and others, a program uses small booklets and simple photos to. Abstract the pastoral areas of ethiopia are witnessing radical change in terms of both increasingly restricted. It represented the issue of power and governance in ethiopia, as land was the. The customary rules of land tenure predominate in africa and may or may not be recognized by the state. We talk with her about land ownership and land tenure reform as it affects women in africa. For example, users of the land would have no interest in preserving fertility or developing the land other than what would benefit them in the short run. Achieving land tenure reform is by no means an easy or quick process. Land ownership for women prevents fears of uncertainty. Evidence on efficacy and unmet demands for land rights. Land tenure and property policies in east africa youtube.
The article explores tenure insecurity elements in landuse planning as a crucial challenge in the urban town of gelan sidama awash, ethiopia. In view of this, the eea ethiopian economic policy research institute decided to undertake a comprehensive and thorough research on the current land tenure system its. In my previous articles and speeches, i had stated that neither ethiopian scholars nor political parties had provided a clear, concise, and meaningful solution to the problems of land. Usaids work with land tenure and property rights ltpr in ethiopia began with the ethiopia land policy and administration assessment in 2004, which led to the following projects. The third is the neocustomary land tenure regime in arssi, oromiya, which, though originating in arssi oromo society, has been promoted and adapted by the state in recent years. Approach situational assessment janfeb 2004 ethiopia land policy and administration assessment may 2004 design team january to may 2005 design strengthening ethiopia land tenure and administration program ltap limitations the derg military regime abolished all customary land rights making all land the property of the state. In cases such as ethiopia and mozambique, the nations land belongs to. The right to ownership of rural and urban land is exclusively vested in the state and in the peoples of ethiopia, states the constitution.
While the current ethiopian government has implemented a land policy that is based on state ownership of land where. Land tenure and agricultural development in ethiopia. Continuity and change, shifting rulers, and the quest for state control article pdf available january 2008 with 5,921 reads how we measure reads. Land policy in ethiopia has been controversial since the fall of the military socialist derg regime in 1991.
The s2rai project promotes internationally recognised principles and guidelines such as the voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests vggt, and. It is widely argued that past and current land polices in the country have led to reduced and fragmented land size holdings in rural areas. Gebre sellasie ethiopian economic policy research institute, addis ababa, ethiopia we have used an extensive data set from ethiopia to study the countrys existing land tenure system from the perspective of farmers and to assess the impacts that this system currently has on. Land tenure reform in pastoral areas appears imminent, partly due to increasing conflicts over access. These rules may be established by the state or by custom, and rights may accrue to individuals, families, communities, or organizations.
Under ethiopian law, tenure security is a useitorloseit proposition, which means women with. Land tenure and land management in the highlands of. Land tenure and taxation, 5 ethiopia observer 302, 309 1962. Ownership, equity, and liberty in land use rights daniel weldegebriel ambaye, ethiopia key words. Before colonial rule, land ownership and access took diverse forms but were largely vested in. Farmers have use right to transfer or lease use rights of agricultural land.
It will strengthen transparency in land governance, including by promoting responsible agricultural investment through an improved legal framework and practices. Land ownership and land tenure reform as it affects. Land tenure and agrarian social structure in ethiopia, 16361900 by habtamu mengistie tegegne dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in history in the graduate college of the university of illinois at urbanachampaign, 2011 urbana, illinois doctoral committee. The dynamics of cognatic descent monographs in ethiopian land tenure hoben, allan, ph. In ethiopia, empirical analysis is required to find out the effect of the current land tenure system on farmers propensity to invest in land improvements, and the development and functioning of land markets.
Land rights, holding rights, expropriation, largescale agricultural investment summary from time immemorial, land had been controlled by the elite kings and their trusted followers in ethiopia. Land tenure in ethiopia continuity and change, shifting rulers and the quest for state control wibke crewett,1 ayalneh bogale, and benedikt korf the controversy. Land tenure policy in ethiopia in 1975, the socialist derg regime that had overthrown the imperial regime of haile. Professor doss research interests center around household decisionmaking in rural households, especially in africa. In urban settings, land tenure is often insecure for slum dwellers and for the poor. Local experts rate the quality of a countrys land governance along a comprehensive set of dimensions. A case study from the central ethiopia workneh negatu idr, addis ababa university abstract land in ethiopia is a public property. Removing limitations of current ethiopian rural land. Daniel behailu gebreamanuel offers a legal analysis on real estate valuation in ethiopia via land policy taking a look at government properties in concern. Though ethiopias efforts to impart land tenure security by implementing lowcost land registration programs in rural areas are promising, the. Ethiopia experiences a fierce political debate about the appropriate land tenure policy. Chapter 3 land rental markets transaction costs and tenure insecurity in rural ethiopia.
The ethiopian womens development fund establishment proclamation no. The partnership with ethiopia will support improved rural land tenure security for all, including through appropriate land use management in communal and pastoral areas. The findings of this study do not necessarily suggest that the existing land tenure system in ethiopia is satisfactory for farmers intensification efforts. The existence of so many land tenure systems, coupled with the lack of reliable data, has made it difficult to give a comprehensive assessment of landownership in ethiopia. Land tenure, land administration, land governance, land policy.
I read an article written by professor teshome abebe on the policy implication of the land issue research in ethiopia. The sustainable development goals, the worlds blueprint for development, include womens land ownership and secure tenure rights as indicators for poverty eradication goal 1, ending hunger goal 2, and gender equality goal 5. Prior to the 1974 ethiopian revolution, ethiopia had a complex land tenure system. How could the same land tenure system accommodate the largescale transition from food crops into cocoa at the opening of the 20th century and so dramatically inhibit investment in land productivity in the same area at the. Land tenure security is, therefore, an element of property rights. In this paper it is argued that in the post liberation period the land tenure system led to lack of tenure security and inefficiency in land use in the south, south west and central ethiopia. Women struggle to secure land rights africa renewal.
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